商用益生菌菌種學名
益生菌 (probiotics) 在商業應用、產品生產、管理、行銷或申請查驗登記等,均需要確認菌名正確性,以佐證其功效和安全性。參考世界衛生組織 (WHO) 及聯合國糧農組織 (FAO) 針對益生菌在食品中使用所提出的評估指引,要求菌株應使用當前認可、有效且經過驗證的菌種學名。細菌分類和命名參照國際原核生物命名法規 (International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes),由國際原核生物分類系統委員會 (International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes,簡稱ICSP) 所管轄。細菌學名需發表於International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (簡稱IJSEM;原名International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology) 才被視為有效 (Valid publication),會定期列在 IJSEM 的 Approved List of Bacterial Names 清單,發表在 IJSEM 以外之學術期刊的細菌學名 (Effective publication),需經過 ICSP審核確認並公告於 IJSEM 的 Validation List 清單,才能成為有效學名。有些常使用於食品或益生菌產品之菌種的學名隨著分類鑑定技術的進步而有所變更,並已通過 IJSEM發表或核准公告,建議進行產品驗證和產品標示時應使用當前最正確且有效之菌種學名。
項次 | 菌種學名 | 正確學名 |
---|---|---|
1 | Bacillus mesentericus | Bacillus subtilis |
2 | Bacillus natto | Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis |
3 | Bacillus subtilis | Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis |
4 | Bifidobacterium infantis | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis |
5 | Bifidobacterium lactis | Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis |
6 | Bifidobacterium longum | Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum |
7 | Lactobacillus bifidus | Bifidobacterium bifidum |
8 | Lactobacillus bulgaricus | Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus |
9 | Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus | Lactobacillus rhamnosus |
10 | Lactobacillus cremoris | Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris |
11 | Lactobacillus delbrueckii | Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. delbrueckii |
12 | Lactobacillus kefir | Lactobacillus kefiri |
13 | Lactobacillus lactis | Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis |
14 | Lactobacillus lactis subsp. lactis | Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis |
15 | Lactobacillus paracasei | Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei |
16 | Lactobacillus plantarum | Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum |
17 | Lactobacillus sporogenes | Bacillus coagulans |
18 | Propionibacterium freudenreichii | Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii |
19 | Propionibacterium shermanii | Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii |
20 | Streptococcus lactis | Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis |
21 | Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus | Streptococcus thermophilus |
22 | Streptococcus faecalis | Enterococcus faecalis |
23 | Leuconostoc mesenteroides | Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides |