黴漿菌之污染測試--PCR法
原理:
利用具特殊專一性之primers,經由PCR反應來複製mycoplasma DNA。所用之primers來自mycoplasma之conserved 16S-23S rRNA序列,由於此段spacer之序列依mycoplsma種類不同而不同,因此可依所複製之DNA大小及其restriction fragment大小差異來作偵測與鑑定。
- 特點:
- 靈敏(e.g. 0.1~1.6 CFU / 5 ul sample) 與快速(一天)。
- 可偵測不易培養之mycoplasma (e.g. M. hyorhinis)。
- 不需培養mycoplasma作為正反應對照組,避免可能之污染。
- 缺點︰
- PCR反應很靈敏,易有偽陽性結果。
- 此方法尚在評估中,故結果僅作為參考和內部品管之一部份。
材料與設備:
- ATCC mycoplasma detection kit:
- 可作50~100 reactions.
- 提供1st stage primer mixture與2nd stage primer mixture
- positive control DNA (A. laidlawii ; M. pirum)
- PCR reagents :
- Taq polymerase ( 5 U / ul )
- dNTP( dGTP, dCTP, dTTP, dATP, 1.25 mM each )
- 10x PCR buffer (with 1.5mM MgCl2)
- 25mM MgCl2
- sterile ddH2O
- Machine / Equipment :
- PCR thermal cycler
- agarose電泳設備
- DNA電泳膠體觀察設備
- 手套
- 無菌PCR反應管
- 無菌1.5 ml微量離心管
- 無菌2ul, 20ul, 200ul, 1000ul Tips/ Pipetmans
方法:
此PCR反應是一種nested PCR,包括2階段PCR反應,1 st stage PCR結束後,取其反應物作2nd stage PCR,然後取2 nd PCR產物作agarose gel electrophoresis,依DNA band之有無及片段大小來分析結果。
- 1st stage PCR reaction(total volume 25 ul):
- 測試樣品 ( 2 ul / each )
- 直接取樣測試細胞之培養液。
- Positive control : mycoplasma DNA ( A. laidlawii ; M. pirum )
- Negative control : ddH2O
- Reaction mixture ( 23 ul / each )
- 10x PCR buffer (含1.5 mM MgCl2 ) 2.5 ul
- 1st stage primer mixture 0.5 ul
- dNTP ( 1.25 mM each ) 1.0 l
- MgCl2 ( 25 mM ) 0.5 ul
- Taq DNA polymerase ( 5 U/ul ) 0.1 ul
- ddH2O 18.4 ul
- PCR program ( 1st PCR與2 nd PCR相同):使用PCR thermal cycler
- step 1 : denaturation: 94 ℃ 30 sec
- step 2 : denaturation: 94 ℃ 30 sec
- step 3 : annealing: 55 ℃ 2 min
- step 4 : extension: 72 ℃ 2 min
- 重複3.1.3.2至3.1.3.4步驟30 cycles
- step 5 : final extension 72 ℃ 5 min
- nd stage PCR reaction(total volume 25 ul)
- 測試樣品:1st stage PCR product(1 ul / each)。
- Reaction mixture ( 24 ul / each )
- 10x PCR buffer (含1.5 mM MgCl2 ) 2.5 ul
- 2 nd stage primer mixture 0.5 ul
- dNTP ( 1.25 mM each ) 1.0 ul
- MgCl2 ( 25 mM ) 0.5 ul
- Taq DNA polymerase ( 5U/ul ) 0.1 ul
- ddH2O 19.4 ul
- PCR program同3.1.3;使用PCR thermal cycler
膠片電泳分析
- 膠片 (2.0%) 置備: 將2 g agarose溶於100 ml ( 1x ) TAE buffer。
- 電泳液:(1x) TAE buffer(Tris-acetate/EDTA electropheresis buffer)
- 選擇100~500 bp DNA size Marker:取100 bp ladder Marker 5 ul ( 25 ng/ul )
- 取10 ul 2 nd stage PCR產物分析,各加入2 ul ( 6x ) loading dye。
- 進行電泳分離100V, 25 min。
- 膠片染色:ethidium bromide染色10 min,H2O退染10mim。(EtBr為致癌物質,請戴手套並小心操作)
- 結果:使用UV light觀察,並照相記錄。
Figure 1 : Agarose gel electrophoresis of the 2nd -stage PCR Products from eight commonly encountered Mycoplasma and A. laidlawii Species. ( from ATCC mycoplasma detection kit)
Table 1 : Variations of restriction fragment lengths of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions of commonly encountered species of mycoplasma. (from ATCC mycoplasma detection kit)
Mycoplasma species | Size of 2nd stage PCR product | Size of restriction Fragments (bp) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Vsp I | Hind III | Cla I | ||
M. arginini | 236 bp | 134, 102 | - | - |
M. fermentans | 365 bp | 270, 95 | 241, 124 | - |
M. hominis** | 236 bp | 123, 113 | - | 253, 62 |
M. hyorhinis | 315 bp | - | - | - |
M. oral | 290 bp | 151, 139 | - | - |
M. pirum | 323 bp | 169, 154 | 285, 38 | - |
M. salivarium | 269 bp | - | - | - |
A. laidlawii | 426 bp | 219, 198 | - | - |
219 bp | 189, 39 | - | - |
* No restriction site
** When a polyacrylamide gel is used for the resolution of amplified DNA products, a double-band product with one bp difference may be observed for M. hominis. This feature can serve as a good indicator for differentiated M. hominis from M. arginini, which only produces a single-band DNA product.